UNHCR Protection Manual - Related sources

Cross-border displacement as a result of natural disasters and the effects of climate change has been identified as a normative gap in the international protection regime. This paper focuses on the relevance of complementary protection standards applicable at the universal, regional and national levels as a means to address such displacement. It provides an overview of current discussions on climate-related forced displacement and legal responses to it.

This study articulates the current state of international law governing detention and its alternatives, and provides a critical overview of existing and possible alternatives to detention (A2Ds) options drawn from empirical research. This study contributes to the body of work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) against the detention of refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless persons, and forms one of the background papers for the global roundtable on the same subject.

On the practice and justification of Italy's "push-back" operations, i.e. interception or interdiction at sea; the extra-territorial scope of the principle of non-refoulement; the situation of asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya, including reception and detention conditions and risk of refoulement

On the interaction between the 1951 Convention and the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction; scope and the content of the principle of non-refoulement and the prohibition of expulsion.

Member States' responsibility not to transfer an asylum applicant where the receiving State cannot guarantee the fundamental rights of the asylum-seeker.

This paper examines the mixed movement of people that is currently taking place between the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes region to the southern part of the continent. This paper opens with a global perspective on these issues, defining the notion of mixed movements and explaining why in recent years it has attracted growing attention from the international community. The paper then goes on to provide an account of the mixed movements that are currently taking place to and within Southern Africa. It also identifies some of the key policy and operational issues arising from this phenomenon, and examines some recent approaches and initiatives that have been taken in relation to this matter.